Income Tax Calculator

How to use the income tax calculator

Enter your annual gross income and keep the filing status on single. The large readout shows your estimated federal income tax, and the cells below show your effective rate (tax as a share of gross income), your after-tax income, and your taxable income after the standard deduction. Use the export buttons to download the summary as CSV or Excel, print it to PDF, or copy a link that reopens the calculator with your exact numbers.

How federal income tax brackets work

The US uses marginal tax brackets, which often surprises people: moving into a higher bracket does not tax all of your income at that higher rate. Instead, each slice of income is taxed at the rate for its own bracket. The first dollars are taxed at the lowest rate, the next slice at the next rate, and so on — so only the income above each threshold is taxed at the higher rate. That’s why your marginal rate (the rate on your last dollar) is always higher than your effective rate (your total tax divided by your total income).

Before any brackets apply, the standard deduction subtracts a flat amount from your gross income to produce your taxable income. For a 2024 single filer that deduction is $14,600, so income below that is effectively untaxed. This calculator applies the standard deduction and the 2024 single-filer brackets to estimate your federal tax, then expresses it as both a dollar figure and an effective rate.